TSL_1_6
Description: A dung beetle, scarab (scarabaeus sacer).
Category: Invertebrates and lesser animals [Gardiner L]
Basic Form: full quadrat
Tag: beetle, dung beetle, insect, scarab
Type: simple


Bibliography
Borghouts, J. F. (2010), Egyptian: an introduction to the writing and language of the Middle Kingdom, 2 vols. Egyptologische Uitgaven 24, page 78, note 1
Gardiner, Alan Henderson (1957), Egyptian grammar being an introduction to the study of hieroglyphs, 3rd, revised edition, page 477
Meeks, Dimitri (2010), De quelques 'insectes' égyptiens: entre lexique et paléographie. In Hawass, Zahi A., Peter Der Manuelian, and Ramadan B. Hussein (eds), Perspectives on ancient Egypt: studies in honor of Edward Brovarski, page 286-289
Codes
Gardiner  L1
Hieroglyphica  L1
IFAO  229,1
IFAO  229,2
IFAO  229,3
IFAO  229,4
Jsesh  L1
Unicode  U+131A3 𓆣
Cite as

Please cite as: Sign TSL_1_6 <http://thotsignlist.org/mysign?id=6>, in: Thot Sign List <http://thotsignlist.org>,
edited by Université de Liège and Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften.

Credits
Creator: J. Grotenhuis
Editor(s): J. Grotenhuis, P. Dils, L. Seelau, A. Weber
FunctionsTokensDistribution
Modern ListsPalaeographies
classifier (2 function(s))
Phonetic value Semantic value Use
— beetle, scarab regular

Tokens
TokenSourceDate

ꜥnḫ r ḫprr
life for the scarab
Pepi I Merire

ms ꜥbb r ḫḫ n rꜥ r sꜣw ḥm=f r sb.yw
who presents the scarab to the neck of Ra, in order to protect his majesty against enemies
Ptolemy IX Soter II (1st reign in Egypt)



Bibliography
Gardiner, Alan Henderson (1957), Egyptian grammar being an introduction to the study of hieroglyphs, 3rd, revised edition, page 477
Cauville, Sylvie (2001), Dendara: le fonds hiéroglyphique au temps de Cléopâtre, page 136
Borghouts, J. F. (2010), Egyptian: an introduction to the writing and language of the Middle Kingdom, 2 vols. Egyptologische Uitgaven 24, page 78
Kurth, Dieter (2007), Einführung ins Ptolemäische: eine Grammatik mit Zeichenliste und Übungsstücken, volume 1, page 298
Credits
Creator: TSL
Editor(s): J. Grotenhuis
— burrowing action regular

Tokens
TokenSourceDate

jkw=k tꜣ n=k
may you burrow the land for yourself
Pepi I Merire
Bibliography
Collombert, Philippe (2010), Le tombeau de Mérérouka: paléographie. Paléographie hiéroglyphique 4, page 83
Credits
Creator: TSL
Editor(s): J. Grotenhuis

logogram (7 function(s))
Phonetic value Semantic value Use
ḫpr to become regular

Tokens
TokenSourceDate

ḫpr.n=k
you have come to be
Unas

jw nwꜣ ḫpr
while these came to be
6th Dynasty

jw bꜣk.n=(j) wꜣwꜣ,t(j).w n [ḥr(.j)-tp] nb ḫpr(.w) m spꜣ.t 〈t〉n
I taxed the people of Wawat on behalf of every chief who had arisen in this area
1st Intermediate Period

nfr qd sbꜣ.n bjꜣ.t=f mj ẖrd ḫpr m-ꜥ jt
one who is good of character, whom his nature has taught, like a child comes to be through the father
11th Dynasty (after reunification)

ḥr ḫpr=j m ḥꜥ.w n(.w) nṯr pn špsj
because I come to be from the body of this noble god
Mentuhotep II Nebhepetre (complete reign)

ḫpr.n tp wꜣ.t nfr.t m rdj.t mnṯw tꜣ.wy n jt(.y) nb-ḥp.t-rꜥ ꜥnḫ ḏ.t
(since) the beginning of a good path came to be when Montu gave the two lands to the sovereign Nebhepetre, living eternally.
Mentuhotep II Nebhepetre (complete reign)

tm.n ḫpr zp th m ꜥ=f ḏr hꜣ.t r jr.t wpw.(w)t
One by whose hand never happened an occasion of wrongdoing since the appointment to "do missions".
Mentuhotep II Nebhepetre (complete reign)

wr n rṯn.w ẖs ꜥ.wy ḫmt qn.w m jb=f n ḫpr=sn n=f
the chief of Retjenu, weak of arms, who plans many things in his heart, they did not happen for him.
Kamose

ḫpr swt snḏm ḥm=f m ḏꜣd.w nswt bj.ty nb-pḥ.ty-rꜥ sꜣ-rꜥ jꜥḥ-msjw dj ꜥnḫ
It happened that his majesty rested in the audience hall, the king of upper and lower Egypt, Nebpehtire, son of Re Ahmose, given life,
Ahmose Nebpehtyre

nṯr ꜥꜣ ꜥꜣ-ḫpr-kꜣ-rꜥ
The great god, Aakheperkare.
Tuthmosis I Aakheperkare

dj=j m-ḥr-n ḥnmm.t ḫpr.t=sn n ḥn.ty
I offered in the sight of the sunfolk, they who will come to be in the future,
Hatshepsut Maatkare

jmn-rꜥ ꜥꜣ hmhm nb r nḥḥ ḥqꜣ ḏ.t ḫpr ḏs=f
Amun-Ra, great of roar, lord of eternity, sovereign of eternity, who brought himself into being,
19th Dynasty

sḫr.w=f ḫpr sḫr n=f
his enemies, who became cast down for him
Ramesses III Usermaatre-Meriamun

sḫr.w=f ḫpr sḫr n=f
his enemies, who became cast down for him
Ramesses III Usermaatre-Meriamun

ṯḥḥ.wt ḫpr.tj m ḫt-mn
The exultation comes to be in Egypt
Cleopatra VII Philopator

ḥr-smꜣ-tꜣ.wy nb ḫꜣ-dj nṯr ꜥꜣ ḥr(.y)-jb jwn.t rꜥ pw ḫpr ḏs=f m sp tp(.y)
Harsomtus, lord of +txA-di+l, great god, who resides in Dendera, it is Re who came to be by himself the first time
Cleopatra VII Philopator

wnn nbj ḥḥ nṯr ḫnt ḥw.t-smꜣ-tꜣ.wy nḥb-kꜣ.w grg tꜣ pn ḥr qmꜣ ḥḥ.w ḥr sḫpr ḥfnw.w ḥr rdj(.t) ꜥnḫ n ꜥnḫ.w
The one who fasioned Heh, the god in front of the mansion of uniting the two lands, Nehebkau who establishes this land, is creating millions, creating hundreds of thousands, giving life to the living.
Cleopatra VII Philopator
Bibliography
Cauville, Sylvie (2001), Dendara: le fonds hiéroglyphique au temps de Cléopâtre, page 136
Collombert, Philippe (2010), Le tombeau de Mérérouka: paléographie. Paléographie hiéroglyphique 4, page 83
Engsheden, Åke (2014), Le naos de Sopdou à Saft el-Henneh (CG 70021): paléographie. Paléographie hiéroglyphique 6, page 65
Lenzo, Giuseppina (2015), Les stèles de Taharqa à Kawa: paléographie. Paléographie hiéroglyphique 7, page 71
Borghouts, J. F. (2010), Egyptian: an introduction to the writing and language of the Middle Kingdom, 2 vols. Egyptologische Uitgaven 24, page 78
Haring, Ben J. J. (2006), The tomb of Sennedjem (TT1) in Deir el-Medina: palaeography. Paléographie hiéroglyphique 2, page 74
Kurth, Dieter (2007), Einführung ins Ptolemäische: eine Grammatik mit Zeichenliste und Übungsstücken, volume 1, page 298
Meeks, Dimitri (2004), Les architraves du temple d'Esna: paléographie. Paléographie hiéroglyphique 1, page 108
Servajean, Frédéric (2011), Le tombeau de Nakhtamon (TT 335) à Deir al-Medina: paléographie. Photographs by Jean-François Gout. Paléographie hiéroglyphique 5, page 52
Gardiner, Alan Henderson (1957), Egyptian grammar being an introduction to the study of hieroglyphs, 3rd, revised edition, page 477
Credits
Creator: TSL
Editor(s):
ḫpr.w shape, form regular
Comment could also be any other form based on to become, as creation, nature etc.
Tokens
TokenSourceDate

ḏd=j n ṯn ḫpr.w=j ḏs=j
I say to you: My shapes are my own
Senwosret I Kheperkare

r ḫw.t ḫprw n ꜣḫ.tyt
in order to protect the images of the ones in the horizon.
Cleopatra VII Philopator

bꜣ šps n wsjr ḫnt.(y) jmn.t(y)t nṯr ꜥꜣ nb ꜣbḏ.w wsjr jwn wr m jwn.t bꜣ šps jyj=f m ꜣḫ šps r ẖnm ḫpr.w=f m ḥw.t-nṯr=f
The noble ba of Osiris, formost of the west, great god, lord of Abidos, Osiris the pillar, great one in Dendera, the noble ba, he comes as the noble spirit in order to unite with his shapes in his temple.
Cleopatra VII Philopator



Bibliography
Meeks, Dimitri (2004), Les architraves du temple d'Esna: paléographie. Paléographie hiéroglyphique 1, page 108
Credits
Creator: TSL
Editor(s):
ḫprj Khepri (divinity) Ptolemaic

Tokens
TokenSourceDate

jkw=k tꜣ n=k
may you burrow the land for yourself
Pepi I Merire

ḫprj ḥry-jb wjꜣ=f nfr-tm-ḥr-ḥkn(.w)
Khepri, residing in his barque, and Nefertem-Hor-Hekenu
Ramesses II Usermaatre-Setepenre

jtm.w ḫprj qꜣ m nb wy
Atoum-Khepri is high as the lord of wy
Ptolemy XIII

bꜣ n ḫprj ḥr ꜥnḫ ḥry srḫ
The ba of Khepri, the living Horus who is upon the palace facade,
Cleopatra VII Philopator
Bibliography
Meeks, Dimitri (2004), Les architraves du temple d'Esna: paléographie. Paléographie hiéroglyphique 1, page 108
Servajean, Frédéric (2011), Le tombeau de Nakhtamon (TT 335) à Deir al-Medina: paléographie. Photographs by Jean-François Gout. Paléographie hiéroglyphique 5, page 52
Credits
Creator: TSL
Editor(s): J. Grotenhuis
ḫprr scarab regular

Tokens
TokenSourceDate

j.pꜣ=f m ꜣpd ḫnn=f m ḫprr
He will fly as a bird and he will alight as a beetle,
Unas

jkw=k tꜣ n=k
may you burrow the land for yourself
Pepi I Merire

ꜥnḫ ḫprr
while the scarab lives.
Pepi II Neferkare

sꜣ ḥr m ḫprr šps
Horus' protection is the august beetle
Nectanebo (II) Snedjemibre-Setepeniniheret

ḏd-mdw (j)n ḥr bḥd.t nṯr-ꜥꜣ nb p.t ḫprr šps
Recitation by Horus of Edfu, the great god, the lord of the sky, the noble scarab,
Ptolemy XI Alexander II
Bibliography
Gardiner, Alan Henderson (1957), Egyptian grammar being an introduction to the study of hieroglyphs, 3rd, revised edition, page 477
Kurth, Dieter (2007), Einführung ins Ptolemäische: eine Grammatik mit Zeichenliste und Übungsstücken, volume 1, page 298
Meeks, Dimitri (2004), Les architraves du temple d'Esna: paléographie. Paléographie hiéroglyphique 1, page 108
Collombert, Philippe (2010), Le tombeau de Mérérouka: paléographie. Paléographie hiéroglyphique 4, page 83
Credits
Creator: TSL
Editor(s):
jb heart Ptolemaic

Tokens
TokenSourceDate

ḏd jn wsjr ḫnt.y jmn.tyw nb ꜣbḏw sꜣ n wr tp n gbb wpj ḫ.wt nfr ḥr dj ꜥnḫ ḏd wꜣs nb snb nb ꜣw-jb nb n djw-ḥr nḥḥ ḏ.t jry
Spoken by Osiris, the formost of the westerners, the lord of Abidos, the firstborn son of Geb, who judges the cases, beautiful of face, who gives all life, stability and dominion, all health and all joy to Teüris, all eternity and forever.
Trajan
Bibliography
Kurth, Dieter (2007), Einführung ins Ptolemäische: eine Grammatik mit Zeichenliste und Übungsstücken, volume 1, page 298
Credits
Creator: TSL
Editor(s): J. Grotenhuis
tꜣ land regular

Tokens
TokenSourceDate

zẖꜣw nsw (n) wḏḥw n nb-tꜣwj ḫꜥ mꜣꜥ-ḫrw
royal scribe of the offering table of the Lord of the Two Lands, Kha, justified
Ramesses II Usermaatre-Setepenre

nb ꜥnḫ prj m ꜣḫ.t sḥḏ tꜣ.wy nb m nfr.w=f
the lord of life, who goes forth from the horizon, who illuminates the entire two lands with his beauty.
Ptolemy X Alexander I

nb ꜥnḫ prj m ꜣḫ.t sḥḏ tꜣ.wy nb m nfr.w=f
the lord of life, who goes forth from the horizon, who illuminates the entire two lands with his beauty.
Ptolemy X Alexander I

m dj(.t) r tꜣ n nb hdn
in giving to the land of the lord of the hdn plant
Cleopatra VII Philopator

nb [..] nṯr ꜥꜣ m tꜣ-rr ꜥꜣ pḥ.ty
Lord of [...], great god in Dendera, great of strenght
Cleopatra VII Philopator

sꜣ-tꜣ ṯḥn.t ḥr m nb.w-q-ꜣbd
Sata, faienced of face in nb.w-q-Abd
Cleopatra VII Philopator
Bibliography
Cauville, Sylvie (2001), Dendara: le fonds hiéroglyphique au temps de Cléopâtre, page 136
Kurth, Dieter (2007), Einführung ins Ptolemäische: eine Grammatik mit Zeichenliste und Übungsstücken, volume 1, page 298
Meeks, Dimitri (2004), Les architraves du temple d'Esna: paléographie. Paléographie hiéroglyphique 1, page 108-109
Credits
Creator: TSL
Editor(s): J. Grotenhuis
ꜥnḫ life; living cryptographic
Comment The value appears in New Kingdom enigmatic writing and becomes regular during the first millennium BC.
Tokens
TokenSourceDate

jr.t ḫpr.w m bꜣ ꜥnḫ tm ꜥq r ḫꜣb.t
Making the transformation in a living ba soul, not entering the site of extermination.
Amenhotep III Nebmaatre

ꜥnḫ nṯr nfr wꜥb ḏbꜥ.w
May he live, the good god, pure of fingers
Cleopatra VII Philopator
Bibliography
Cauville, Sylvie (2001), Dendara: le fonds hiéroglyphique au temps de Cléopâtre, page 136
Kurth, Dieter (2007), Einführung ins Ptolemäische: eine Grammatik mit Zeichenliste und Übungsstücken, volume 1, page 298
Roberson, J.A.  (2020), Enigmatic writing in the Egyptian New Kingdom II: a lexicon of ancient Egyptian cryptography of the New Kingdom. With contributions by David Klotz. Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde - Beihefte 12 (2), p. 113, rebus (Wb I, 204.7)
Credits
Creator: TSL
Editor(s): Ph. Seyr

phonemogram (11 function(s))
Phonetic value Semantic value Use
d — Ptolemaic
Comment Value developed through the phonetic use of tA, reduced to t, which phonetically develops to d.
Tokens
TokenSourceDate

pẖr.n=s njw.t=s dg.n=s ḥw.t-nṯr=s
She has gone round her city, she saw her temple
Cleopatra VII Philopator
Bibliography
Cauville, Sylvie (2001), Dendara: le fonds hiéroglyphique au temps de Cléopâtre, page 136
Kurth, Dieter (2007), Einführung ins Ptolemäische: eine Grammatik mit Zeichenliste und Übungsstücken, volume 1, page 298
Credits
Creator: TSL
Editor(s): J. Grotenhuis
ẖ — cryptographic
Comment According to Peter Dils, a acronymic reduction (?) from "xpr" to "x" and then phonetic developments "x" ~ "X"
Tokens
TokenSourceDate

n ẖnmw nṯr ꜥꜣ
for Khnoum, great god
Domitian
Bibliography
Kurth, Dieter (2007), Einführung ins Ptolemäische: eine Grammatik mit Zeichenliste und Übungsstücken, volume 1, page 298
Credits
Creator: TSL
Editor(s): J. Grotenhuis
j — Ptolemaic
Comment According to Kurth 299,2, through the epithet of Khepri as primordial god and father (jt)
Tokens
TokenSourceDate

jsẖ jt (j)n n(y)-sw.t
Harvesting the grain by the king,
Hadrian
Bibliography
Kurth, Dieter (2007), Einführung ins Ptolemäische: eine Grammatik mit Zeichenliste und Übungsstücken, volume 1, page 298
Credits
Creator: TSL
Editor(s):
jt — cryptographic
Comment According to Kurth 299,2, through the epithet of Khepri as primordial god and father (jt)
Tokens
TokenSourceDate

mr n jtm.w
Beloved of Atoum
Ramesses II Usermaatre-Setepenre
Bibliography
Kurth, Dieter (2007), Einführung ins Ptolemäische: eine Grammatik mit Zeichenliste und Übungsstücken, volume 1, page 298
Credits
Creator: TSL
Editor(s): J. Grotenhuis
m — Ptolemaic
Comment According to Peter Dils, The origin of the value is an acrophonic reduction of "mXrr", a demotic designation of the beetle.
Tokens
TokenSourceDate

m ꜥnḫ wꜣs m dwꜣ.t
In life and might in the underworld.
Darius I Setutre

rdj.n wj jt=j jtm.w
My father Atoum gave to me
Roman Period

n ẖnmw nṯr ꜥꜣ
for Khnoum, great god
Domitian
Bibliography
Kurth, Dieter (2007), Einführung ins Ptolemäische: eine Grammatik mit Zeichenliste und Übungsstücken, volume 1, page 298
Credits
Creator: TSL
Editor(s): J. Grotenhuis
n — cryptographic
Comment Phonetic development through m.
Tokens
TokenSourceDate

n n.t sꜣ.t rꜥ
for Neith, the daughter of Ra
Domitian
Bibliography
Kurth, Dieter (2007), Einführung ins Ptolemäische: eine Grammatik mit Zeichenliste und Übungsstücken, volume 1, page 298
Credits
Creator: TSL
Editor(s): J. Grotenhuis
p — Ptolemaic
Comment According to Kurth, 299,4, acrophonic reduction of prj.
Tokens
TokenSourceDate

pꜥpꜥ ḥr jt=s jr-tꜣ
shining with her father ir-tA
Cleopatra VII Philopator
Bibliography
Cauville, Sylvie (2001), Dendara: le fonds hiéroglyphique au temps de Cléopâtre, page 136
Kurth, Dieter (2007), Einführung ins Ptolemäische: eine Grammatik mit Zeichenliste und Übungsstücken, volume 1, page 298
Credits
Creator: TSL
Editor(s): J. Grotenhuis
r — Ptolemaic
Comment According to Kurth p. 299, 7, origin from ra, reduced to r.
Tokens
TokenSourceDate

nb [..] nṯr ꜥꜣ m tꜣ-rr ꜥꜣ pḥ.ty
Lord of [...], great god in Dendera, great of strenght
Cleopatra VII Philopator

nb [..] nṯr ꜥꜣ m tꜣ-rr ꜥꜣ pḥ.ty
Lord of [...], great god in Dendera, great of strenght
Cleopatra VII Philopator
Bibliography
Cauville, Sylvie (2001), Dendara: le fonds hiéroglyphique au temps de Cléopâtre, page 136
Kurth, Dieter (2007), Einführung ins Ptolemäische: eine Grammatik mit Zeichenliste und Übungsstücken, volume 1, page 298
Credits
Creator: TSL
Editor(s):
š — cryptographic
Comment An acronymic reduction from "xpr" to "x" and then phonetic developments "x" ~ "S"
Tokens
TokenSourceDate

pn m ḥb nṯr.w m rš.w
this ... in the festival of the gods are rejoicing
Darius I Setutre
Bibliography
Credits
Creator: TSL
Editor(s):
t — regular
Comment Phonetic reduction from tA to t.
Tokens
TokenSourceDate

dwꜣ rꜥ ḥtp=f
Worshipping Ra, when he rests
19th Dynasty

sꜣw jtm.w
The wisdom of Atoum
Roman Period
Bibliography
Cauville, Sylvie (2001), Dendara: le fonds hiéroglyphique au temps de Cléopâtre, page 136
Kurth, Dieter (2007), Einführung ins Ptolemäische: eine Grammatik mit Zeichenliste und Übungsstücken, volume 1, page 298
Credits
Creator: TSL
Editor(s): J. Grotenhuis
tꜣ — cryptographic
Comment phonetic development through tA, the land.
Tokens
TokenSourceDate

ḥꜣp r-mtr.t n rmṯ.w nṯr nb štꜣ=f r=sn
Who concealed himself from mankind; every god, he is secret from them.
Smendes Hedjkheperre

ḥkn štꜣ.t nb(.t) jwn.t
Praising Shetat, lady of Dendera
Ptolemy IX Soter II (1st reign in Egypt)
Bibliography
Credits
Creator: TSL
Editor(s): J. Grotenhuis
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